氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗继发性BPPV老年患者残余头晕症状的疗效观察

目的 探讨氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片对继发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（bnign proxysmal psitional vrtigo,BPPV）老年患者残余头晕症状的影响。方法 收集2014年1月—2016年9月嘉兴市第一医院神经内科治疗的84例继发性BPPV老年患者（年龄>65周岁）的临床资料,分为氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗组（n=42）和常规治疗组（n=42）。比较2组残余头晕的持续时间及治疗前,治疗后第3天、第1周、第2周的眩晕障碍量表（Dizziness Handicap Inventory,DHI）分数。结果 和常规治疗组相比,氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗组残余头晕症状持续时间明显较短（P=0.002）。复位成功后,与常规治疗组相比,氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片组治疗后第1周和第2周的DHI分数明显降低（P分别为0.040和0.030）。结论 氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗继发性BPPV,可使残余头晕的持续时间明显缩短,治疗1周和2周后DHI评分降低。     

Enzymatic synthesis of glucuronidated metabolites of two neurological active agents using plant glucuronosyltransferases

Abstract

Glucuronidation is an important and popular metabolic reaction in vivo of drugs. The further evaluation of biological activity and toxicity of glucuronides is necessary in the course of the drug research and development. However, the synthesis of glucuronides is limited by the lack of efficient approach. Herein, we have developed a new glucuronide synthesis method using plant uridine diphosphate-dependent glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), UGT88D4, UGT88D7, and EpGT8, enabling the convenient preparation for corresponding O-glucuronide metabolites (1a, 2a, 3a, and 3b) in milligram scale of two neurological active agents, IMM-H004 (1) and FLZ (2). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data analyses.     

甲氨蝶呤及其代谢物血药浓度分析中细节问题的探讨

甲氨蝶呤（MTX）被广泛用于治疗骨肉瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、类风湿性关节炎和炎性肠道疾病等。由于MTX个体差异大和不良反应较严重,同时其在体内代谢迅速,主要以多聚谷氨酸化代谢物的形式长期存在,因此,监测MTX及其代谢物的血药浓度显得尤为重要。本文对已发表的相关文献进行了分析,结合笔者在临床药物浓度监测实践中的经验和体会,从样品采集、样品保存、样品前处理方法、分离条件、检测方法等方面,探讨了MTX及其代谢物血药浓度测定中的细节问题,以期实现MTX的精准医疗,确保其用药安全性。     

海洋来源真菌杂色曲霉的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究一株海洋来源真菌Aspergullus versicolor NM-021杂色曲霉的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、半制备HPLC等色谱技术对其化学成分进行分离、纯化;通过NMR、MS方法,结合与文献报道的数据比对,对化合物的结构进行鉴定。运用细胞毒活性筛选模型对其抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。结果从该菌株中分离得到了2个蒽醌类化合物2H-6-O-Methylaverufin（1）和6-O-Methylaverufin（2）。生物活性测试结果表明,化合物1对人结肠癌和食管癌具有一定的抑制活性。结论从该菌株中分离得到1个新的具有细胞增殖抑制活性的蒽醌类化合物（1）。     

海洋来源真菌Penicillium sp. wqh-572的次级代谢产物研究?

目的 研究浙江普陀岛海泥来源真菌Penicillium sp. wqh-572的次级代谢产物及其抑菌活性。方法 将菌株进行大规模发酵,乙酸乙酯萃取,采用小孔树脂MCI柱和半制备型高效液相色谱等分离纯化方法,通过核磁(₁H NMR和₁₃C NMR)和质谱(MS)等波谱分析方法,并与相关文献比较,鉴定化合物结构。结果 从该真菌发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取相中分离得到6个化合物,鉴定结果分别为physcion (1)、emodin (2)、7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (3)、isorhodoptilometrin (4)、2-(2’, 4’, 6’-trihydroxyphenyc)-(7-hydroxy-5-methyc) chromone (5)及(Z)-N-(4-hydroxy styryl) formamide (6)。其中,其中化合物5为首次从青霉属真菌中分离得到。化合物1对3种植物病原菌均具有抑制作用。     

海绵共附生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum次级代谢产物的化学成分及生物活性研究

目的 对分离自西沙隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum的次级代谢产物进行化学成分及其生物活性研究,以期发现结构特异并且活性良好的次级代谢产物。方法 对隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum用真菌2号培养基发酵,发酵后的菌丝体采用溶剂提取、萃取和现代色谱分离纯化手段,再运用现代核磁波谱技术并结合高分辨质谱鉴定化合物结构。基于微阵列技术的表面等离子体共振成像（SPRi）系统,检测化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的相互作用,并提供化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的结合动力学数据。结果 通过分离隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真Penicilliumchrysogenum的菌丝体提取物,从中分离鉴定了7个单体化合物,鉴定结果为conidiogenone（1）、2-acetylquinazolin-4(3H)-one（2）、15β-hydroxyl-(22E,24R)-ergosta-3,5,8,22-tetraen-on（3）、ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one（4）、 2-((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione（5）、(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol（6）、2-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one（7）。结论 化合物3和6是从Penicillium属内第一次分离得到,化合物4是从真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum中第一次分离得到,化合物5与肿瘤蛋白VEGFR-1、FGFR有亲和作用,KD的数值分别为7.78×10-3和1.44×10-1 μmol/L。     

色氨酸分解代谢途径阻断对深海链霉菌ZH66次级代谢及生长的影响

【目的】以深海链霉菌Streptomyces somaliensis SCSIO ZH66为研究对象,通过阻断其色氨酸分解代谢途径,探究代谢产物与生长的变化。【方法】通过Blastp分析寻找S. somaliensis SCSIO ZH66基因组上编码色氨酸双加氧酶基因tdo(ORF0630和ORF6017),在前期阻断ORF0630的基础上采用PCR-targeting的策略阻断ORF6017,通过HPLC检测发酵产物的变化,并观察用不同培养基培养时突变株与野生株生长的差别。【结果】与野生株相比,突变株ZH66Δtdo不产生antimycins,但无其他次级代谢产物的变化。与此同时,ZH66Δtdo在MS平板上开始产生气生菌丝与孢子的时间均提前了12 h,在ISP-2液体培养基中生长对数期开始时间同样提前12 h。【结论】链霉菌S. somaliensis SCSIO ZH66中色氨酸分解代谢途径的阻断未促进其他可能以色氨酸为前体次级代谢产物的合成,而是促进了菌株的生长,为其他链霉菌中色氨酸分解代谢调控提供了借鉴。     

Echinacea biotechnology: advances,commercialization and future considerations

Context: Plants of the genus Echinacea (Asteraceae) are among the most popular herbal supplements on the market today. Recent studies indicate there are potential new applications and emerging markets for this natural health product (NHP).

Objective: This review aims to synthesize recent developments in Echinacea biotechnology and to identify promising applications for these advances in the industry.

Methods: A comprehensive survey of peer-reviewed publications was carried out, focusing on Echinacea biotechnology and impacts on phytochemistry. This article primarily covers research findings since 2007 and builds on earlier reviews on the biotechnology of Echinacea.

Results: Bioreactors, genetic engineering and controlled biotic or abiotic elicitation have the potential to significantly improve the yield, consistency and overall quality of Echinacea products. Using these technologies, a variety of new applications for Echinacea can be realized, such as the use of seed oil and antimicrobial and immune boosting feed additives for livestock.

Conclusions: New applications can take advantage of the well-established popularity of Echinacea as a NHP. Echinacea presents a myriad of potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antibiotic activities that have yet to be fully translated into new applications. The distinct chemistry and bioactivity of different Echinacea species and organs, moreover, can lead to interesting and diverse commercial opportunities.     

Estrogenic activity of zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol assessed using the E-screen assay in MCF-7 cells

Mycotoxins, including zearalenone (ZEA), can occur worldwide in cereals. They can enter the food chain and cause several health disorders. ZEA and its derivatives (α-zearalenol, α-ZOL and β-zearalenol, β-ZOL) have structural analogy to estrogen, thus they can bind to estrogen receptors (ERs). In order to characterize the estrogenic activity of ZEA, α-ZOL and β-ZOL, the proliferation of ER-positive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) exposed to these mycotoxins was measured. After exposure at levels ranging from 6.25 to 25?µM, cell proliferation was evaluated by using the E-Screen bioassay. In accordance with previous studies, our results show the estrogenic activity of ZEA, α-ZOL and β-ZOL in MCF-7 cells. This effect is related to ZEA and its metabolites being flexible enough to bind to mammalian ERs. The relative proliferative effect (RPE) ranged from 10% to 91%. The α-ZOL induced the highest proliferative effect due to its higher affinity for the ERs compared to the other mycotoxins.     

Genetic interactions between Ror2 and Wnt9a,Ror1 and Wnt9a and Ror2 and Ror1: Phenotypic analysis of the limb skeleton and palate in compound mutants

Mutations in the human receptor tyrosine kinase ROR2 are associated with Robinow syndrome (RRS) and brachydactyly type B1. Amongst others, the shortened limb phenotype associated with RRS is recapitulated in Ror2^?/? mutant mice. In contrast, Ror1^?/? mutant mice are viable and show no limb phenotype. Ror1^?/?;Ror2^?/? double mutants are embryonic lethal, whereas double mutants containing a hypomorphic Ror1 allele (Ror1^hyp) survive up to birth and display a more severe shortened limb phenotype. Both orphan receptors have been shown to act as possible Wnt coreceptors and to mediate the Wnt5a signal. Here, we analyzed genetic interactions between the Wnt ligand, Wnt9a, and Ror2 or Ror1, as Wnt9a has also been implicated in skeletal development. Wnt9a^?/? single mutants display a mild shortening of the long bones, whereas these are severely shortened in Ror2^?/? mutants. Ror2^?/?;Wnt9a^?/? double mutants displayed even more severely shortened long bones, and intermediate phenotypes were observed in compound Ror2;Wnt9a mutants. Long bones were also shorter in Ror1^hyp/hyp;Wnt9a^?/? double mutants. In addition, Ror1^hyp/hyp;Wnt9a^?/? double mutants displayed a secondary palate cleft phenotype, which was not present in the respective single mutants. Interestingly, 50% of compound mutant pups heterozygous for Ror2 and homozygous mutant for Ror1 also developed a secondary palate cleft phenotype.